What can excessive fluoride concentrations in water lead to?

Excessive fluoride concentrations in water can lead to dental fluorosis, which is a condition that affects the appearance and integrity of tooth enamel. This occurs when children consume too much fluoride during the years when their teeth are still developing. The symptoms of dental fluorosis can range from mild discoloration of teeth to severe mottling and structural damage, depending on the level and duration of fluoride exposure.

Fluoride, when consumed at appropriate levels, is beneficial for oral health as it helps to prevent cavities. However, at high concentrations, it can disrupt the normal mineralization process of teeth. The key takeaway is that the impact on dental health is particularly critical during childhood when teeth are forming, making it vital to monitor and control fluoride levels in drinking water to prevent this condition.