What does soil comprise primarily of?

Soil is primarily composed of loose mineral and organic particles. This composition includes a mixture of various constituents such as sand, silt, clay, and organic matter decomposed from plant and animal materials. The balance of these components is essential for determining soil properties, like texture, structure, and fertility, which influence agricultural productivity and support ecosystems.

The presence of mineral particles, derived from the weathering of rocks, contributes to the soil’s physical and chemical characteristics. Organic materials play a vital role in providing nutrients and promoting soil health by enhancing microbial activity and improving water retention. Thus, the correct choice accurately captures the diverse nature of soil composition, highlighting its essential role in ecology, agriculture, and environmental engineering.