What does the specific capacity of a well indicate?

The specific capacity of a well is defined as the ratio of the discharge rate (the volume of water the well can produce) to the drawdown (the difference between the static water level and the water level while pumping). This measurement is crucial in assessing the performance and sustainability of a well.

When understanding specific capacity, it's important to note that it is typically expressed in units like gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. A higher specific capacity indicates a more efficient well, meaning that it yields a greater volume of water with less drawdown. This is particularly significant in water supply and groundwater management because it helps determine how effectively a well can meet water demand without excessive lowering of the water table.

The other choices do not accurately represent the function or significance of specific capacity. For example, it does not indicate the maximum depth of a well, evaluate the total volume of water in the aquifer, or directly reflect the efficiency of a pump used in system operations. Understanding specific capacity is essential for engineers and hydrologists involved in groundwater extraction projects and sustainable resource management.