What is the main advantage of biofilm filtration in removing contaminants?

The main advantage of biofilm filtration in removing contaminants lies in its use of microorganisms to facilitate the breakdown and removal of harmful substances from water. In biofilm filtration systems, a layer of biological material, or biofilm, develops on the surface of filter media. This biofilm consists of diverse microbial communities that can metabolize organic matter and degrade various contaminants, including pathogens, nutrients, and other pollutants.

This biological process is particularly advantageous because it allows for natural treatment mechanisms, where microorganisms actively consume and transform contaminants into less harmful substances. As water flows through the biofilm, the microorganisms capture and degrade impurities, resulting in cleaner effluent. This method not only enhances the overall water quality but also contributes to the sustainability of water treatment practices.

The other options do not capture the essential characteristic that sets biofilm filtration apart. The reliance on chemical agents or membrane systems does not reflect the biological processes at play in biofilm filtration. Additionally, the efficiency of biofilm filtration is not solely dependent on high flow rates but rather on the biological activity and the health of the biofilm itself, making the microbial aspect the true differentiator.