What is the primary purpose of relief wells in civil engineering?

The primary purpose of relief wells in civil engineering is to dewater soil, particularly in situations where excess groundwater can cause instability or complications in construction projects. Relief wells are designed to lower the level of groundwater in surrounding areas, thereby alleviating hydrostatic pressure on structures and reducing the risk of water-related problems, such as soil liquefaction or erosion, which could compromise structural integrity during construction or excavation.

By intentionally pumping water from these wells, engineers can manage and manipulate groundwater levels effectively to ensure safe and stable working conditions. This is particularly critical in projects involving deep excavations or foundations that would otherwise be adversely affected by high groundwater levels.

While other options like increasing groundwater levels, supporting structural loads, or monitoring groundwater quality serve important functions in civil engineering, they do not align with the specific role that relief wells are designed to fulfill, which is to remove excess groundwater from the soil.