What system uses a partial latitude/longitude system for baseline references?

The State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS) is designed to provide a high level of accuracy for mapping and land surveying within specific regions, such as states or counties in the United States. This system utilizes a partial latitude/longitude system as its baseline references to convert the spherical coordinates of geographic points to a flat, two-dimensional plane. Each state can have its own specific parameters for how the projections are set up, allowing for precise calculations and a minimized distortion, which is crucial for engineering and surveying purposes.

In contrast, the other options are more generalized surveying methods or systems but do not specifically rely on a partial latitude/longitude baseline. Geodetic surveys involve precise measurements of large areas of the Earth's surface and typically use a comprehensive global coordinate system rather than a localized coordinate framework like SPCS. Triangulation is a method of determining distances and angles using triangles, which does not specifically reference a latitude/longitude baseline. Photogrammetric surveys capture data from photographs and convert it into map form but do not inherently use the latitude/longitude system in the same manner as SPCS. Thus, the State Plane Coordinate System is distinct in its use of a partial latitude/longitude system for baseline references, making it the correct choice.