What type of information does a Geographic Information System (GIS) analyze?

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a powerful tool used for analyzing various types of information that relate to geographic locations. It enables users to create visual representations of data linked to spatial coordinates, which allows for deeper insights into patterns and relationships.

The correct answer encompasses a broad range of data types, including spatial information—which refers to the physical place and arrangement of features on the Earth’s surface—as well as literal information, which can include textual descriptions or attributes of those features, and characteristic information that may relate to different properties of the features being analyzed, such as elevation, land use, or other specific attributes. This multifaceted approach makes GIS a valuable resource for planning, management, and decision-making across various fields, including urban planning, environmental science, and resource management.

While the other options mention specific types of data such as only spatial information, demographic data, or environmental impact data, they do not capture the full scope of what GIS can analyze. GIS combines and cross-references multiple data types, providing a comprehensive picture that is crucial for effective analysis and planning.