Which of the following best describes 'structure' in civil engineering?

The concept of 'structure' in civil engineering is primarily defined as a system of connected parts designed to support and resist loads. In this context, a structure encompasses various components, such as beams, columns, trusses, and foundations, which work together to transfer loads safely to the ground or other structures. This definition highlights the importance of understanding structural design and analysis, as every element plays a critical role in ensuring the stability, safety, and functionality of buildings and infrastructure.

In contrast, other choices present narrower or less comprehensive views of what constitutes a structure in civil engineering. For example, a standalone material does not imply the systematic interconnection necessary for load-bearing. Similarly, while a load-bearing wall is indeed a structural component, it alone does not reflect the broader concept of a structure as a whole system. Lastly, a temporary framework during construction, while essential for certain phases of a project, does not fully encapsulate the enduring nature of permanent structures designed to withstand loads throughout their intended lifespan. Thus, the concept of a structure as a system of connected parts is the most accurate and encompassing definition in civil engineering.