Which of the following describes storm characteristics?

The correct answer highlights the essential aspects of storm characteristics, which are crucial for understanding and predicting storm behavior. The volume, intensity, and duration of a storm are fundamental parameters that describe how much rain falls, how quickly it falls, and how long the storm lasts.

Volume refers to the total amount of precipitation, intensity measures the rate at which the rain falls, and duration indicates how long the storm continues. Together, these factors significantly influence runoff, erosion, and flooding, making them critical for civil engineering and hydrology applications. Understanding these characteristics allows engineers to design effective drainage systems and manage water resources more effectively.

Other options do provide relevant information but do not capture the comprehensive nature of storm characteristics in the same way. Air temperature during a storm can influence storm formation and conditions, but it does not directly describe the storm itself. The time of day when a storm occurs could be significant for some analyses but lacks the depth of information needed to characterize storm impacts. Similarly, the frequency and pattern of past storms can inform future planning and risk assessments but refer more to historical data rather than the current storm characteristics being assessed.