Which type of solids pass through the pores of a standard glass-fiber filter?

The correct choice is that total dissolved solids pass through the pores of a standard glass-fiber filter. This is because total dissolved solids (TDS) refers to the portion of the solid material that remains in solution and cannot be captured by a filter. These solids typically consist of ions, small molecules, and some organic compounds that are sufficiently small to pass through filter pores.

In contrast, total suspended solids (TSS) include particles that are larger than what can fit through the filter pores, such as silt, clay, and organic matter, and thus are retained by the filter. Volatile solids, which represent the portion of solid waste that can be burned off and are often indicative of organic content, also do not pass through the filter because they are typically part of the suspended material. Total solids is a broader category that encompasses both dissolved and suspended solids, meaning that it includes solids that would be retained by the filter as well as those that would pass through.